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lzjemu618 发表于 2007-4-22 14:48:00

国宝--歙砚

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　　歙砚为中国四大名砚之一，是砚史上与端砚齐名的珍品。以砚石在古歙州府治加工和集散而得名。
 
　　歙砚始于唐代。据北宋唐积载：婺源砚在“唐开元中，猎人叶氏逐兽至长城里，见叠石如城垒状，莹洁可爱，因携之归，刊出成砚，温润大过端溪。”自此以后，歙砚名闻天下。
 
　　据史料记载，盛唐时歙砚已大盛。1976年合肥出土的唐开成五年箕形歙砚,石质细润,色泽清纯, 是早期歙砚的珍贵遗存。在南唐时期，歙砚大受宠遇，中主李景精意翰墨，宝重歙石，专门在歙州设置了砚务，选砚工高手李少微为砚务官；后主李煜对歙砚极为推崇，把歙砚、澄心堂纸、李廷硅墨三者称为天下冠。
 
　　宋代，歙砚获得很大发展，歙石开采规模扩大，歙砚精品不断涌现，名色之多、质地之细、雕镂之工，为诸砚之冠。
 
　　1953年歙县宋代窑藏出土17块歙砚,石质与造型各异,制作巧妙,展现了歙石精美绝伦的面貌。据砚谱记载，宋时歙石名目有眉子纹七种，外山罗纹13种，水玄金文厥状10种，各种纹色灿然烂漫，诚如宋代书法家蔡君漠所赞：“玉质纯苍理致精，锋芒都尽墨无声。相如闻道还持去，肯要秦人十五城。”诗中将歙砚与卞和玉相媲美，认为歙石价值连城。元代以后，歙石开采时断时续，但成砚依然大量涌现，成为明清宫廷和士绅之家赏鉴流连的珍品。歙石石质优良，莹润细密，有“坚、润、柔、健、细、腻、洁、美”八德。嫩而坚，润而不滑，扣之有声，抚之若肤，磨之如锋，宜于发墨，兼以纹理灿烂，色拟碧天，长久使用，砚上残墨陈垢，入水一濯即莹洁，焕然如新。
 
　　歙石纹色有罗纹、眉子、金星和银星几大类。尤以罗纹、眉子之奇特者为上品。罗纹中的犀角纹、鳅背纹、细罗纹、暗罗纹，都是莹润发墨,呵之水出的精品,历来为赏鉴家所宝重。
 
　　此外,歙砚在雕刻、养护、砚史着录等方面均有自己的特点。现代的歙砚生产，无论开采矿坑，还是制砚工序、雕刻技术，都有很大恢复与发展，历史上绝迹的一些花纹品种，被重新发掘出来，同时增加了若干新品种，为闻名遐耳的歙砚制作又添新的风采。 
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paku 发表于 2007-4-22 14:59:21

还有说明很不错:loveliness: ，我帮小样编辑一下吧，字都在一起了

lzjemu618 发表于 2007-4-22 15:05:31

字在一起？偶这看着正常呀～～
可能是歌曲代码捣乱了，谢谢编辑～～:loveliness:

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国宝--歙砚